How Do You Raise Sprinkler Heads? Simple Adjustment for Better Coverage

Introduction

If you have an automatic sprinkler system, you may have noticed that some sprinkler heads do not spray water high enough or far enough to reach the intended areas of your lawn. This is a common issue that can lead to dry spots, overwatering in other areas, and wasted water. Learning how do you raise sprinkler heads is a valuable skill for any homeowner who wants to maintain a healthy, evenly watered landscape.

The process of raising sprinkler heads involves adjusting the position of the sprinkler head so that it sits higher above the ground level. This allows the water to spray over obstacles such as grass, mulch, or small plants that may be blocking the spray pattern. While it might seem like a complex task, raising sprinkler heads is actually a straightforward process that you can complete with basic tools and a little patience.

This article will walk you through everything you need to know about raising sprinkler heads. You will learn why sprinkler heads settle over time, how to identify different types of sprinkler systems, and the step-by-step process for adjusting them. We will also cover common mistakes to avoid, helpful tips and best practices, and a comparison of different adjustment methods so you can choose the best approach for your situation.

• Why Sprinkler Heads Settle Over Time
• Types of Sprinkler Systems
• Tools You Will Need
• How to Identify Low Sprinkler Heads
• Step-by-Step Guide to Raising Sprinkler Heads
• Adjusting Pop-Up Sprinkler Heads
• Adjusting Shrub and Rotary Sprinkler Heads
• Raising Sprinkler Heads Without Digging
• Comparison of Adjustment Methods
• Tips and Best Practices
• Common Mistakes to Avoid
• When to Call a Professional
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Conclusion

Why Sprinkler Heads Settle Over Time

Over time, sprinkler heads tend to sink below the desired height due to several factors. One of the most common reasons is soil erosion. When water continuously sprays in the same area, it can gradually wash away the soil around the base of the sprinkler head, causing it to sink lower into the ground. This is especially true in areas with sandy or loose soil, which is more susceptible to erosion.

Another reason sprinkler heads settle is due to the natural settling of the landscape. Newly installed lawns or recently landscaped areas often experience soil compaction and subsidence as the ground adjusts to its new conditions. As the soil settles, the sprinkler heads that were once flush with the ground level may become buried or partially covered.

In addition, foot traffic and lawn care activities can contribute to the sinking of sprinkler heads. Mowing the lawn, walking on the grass, or using heavy equipment in the yard can compress the soil around the sprinkler head, pushing it deeper into the ground. This is particularly common in high-traffic areas such as walkways, driveways, and play areas.

Understanding these causes is important because it helps you anticipate when adjustments may be needed and take preventive measures. Regularly checking your sprinkler system and making adjustments as needed can prevent major issues and ensure that your lawn receives adequate water coverage.

Types of Sprinkler Systems

Before attempting to raise sprinkler heads, it is important to understand the type of sprinkler system you have. There are two main categories of sprinkler systems: pop-up sprinklers and permanent sprinklers. Each type has its own unique characteristics and adjustment methods.

Pop-Up Sprinklers

Pop-up sprinklers are the most common type found in residential lawns. These sprinklers are installed underground and rise up from the ground when water pressure is applied. They are typically made of plastic or brass and come in various sizes, ranging from 2-inch to 12-inch pop-up heights. When the system is turned off, the sprinkler head retracts back into the ground, making it less visible and less likely to interfere with lawn care activities.

Pop-up sprinklers are designed to be adjustable, allowing you to raise or lower the head to achieve the desired spray pattern. The adjustment mechanism usually involves a riser tube or an extension pipe that can be lengthened or shortened to change the height of the sprinkler head.

Permanent Sprinklers

Permanent sprinklers, also known as shrub sprinklers, are mounted on above-ground risers or stakes. These sprinklers do not retract into the ground and are often used in areas where the sprinkler head needs to be higher than the surrounding grass or plants. They are commonly found in flower beds, around trees, or in areas with uneven terrain.

Permanent sprinklers are typically easier to adjust because they are not hidden underground. You can simply unscrew the sprinkler head from the riser and add an extension or replace it with a taller model. However, because they are exposed, they may be more susceptible to damage from lawn care equipment or vandalism.

Rotary vs. Spray Heads

Within both pop-up and permanent sprinkler systems, you will find two main types of sprinkler heads: rotary heads and spray heads. Rotary heads use a rotating mechanism to distribute water in a circular or arc pattern, while spray heads release water in a fixed spray pattern. Understanding the difference between these two types is important because they may require different adjustment techniques.

Rotary heads are typically used for larger areas and can cover a wider radius, but they may need more precise adjustment to ensure even water distribution. Spray heads are better suited for smaller areas and can be adjusted more easily, but they may require more frequent maintenance to keep the spray pattern clean and unobstructed.

Tools You Will Need

Raising sprinkler heads is a relatively simple task that requires only a few basic tools. Having the right tools on hand will make the process easier and help you avoid damaging the sprinkler system. Here is a list of the tools you will typically need:

• Screwdriver set: A flathead or Phillips head screwdriver may be needed to remove the sprinkler head or adjust the riser tube.
• Adjustable wrench: An adjustable wrench can be useful for gripping and turning the riser tube or connecting fittings.
• Tape measure: A tape measure will help you determine the current height of the sprinkler head and ensure that it is raised to the correct level.
• Garden trowel or small shovel: A garden trowel or small shovel can be used to dig around the base of the sprinkler head if it is buried or obstructed by soil or debris.
• Plumber’s tape: Also known as Teflon tape, plumber’s tape is used to create a watertight seal on threaded connections.
• Waterproof sealant: A waterproof sealant can be applied to threaded connections to prevent leaks and ensure a secure fit.
• Gloves: Work gloves will protect your hands from dirt, sharp objects, and potential injuries while working in the garden.
• Safety glasses: Safety glasses can protect your eyes from debris and water spray while working with the sprinkler system.

These tools are commonly found in most households, so you likely already have everything you need. If you do not have a specific tool, you can often substitute a similar one or purchase it from a hardware store for a minimal cost.

How to Identify Low Sprinkler Heads

The first step in raising sprinkler heads is to identify which heads are too low. There are several signs that indicate a sprinkler head is not at the optimal height:

• Uneven water distribution: If certain areas of your lawn are consistently dry while others are overwatered, it may be because a sprinkler head is too low and the spray is being blocked by grass or debris.
• Spray pattern obstruction: If the water spray is being deflected or blocked by the surrounding grass, plants, or mulch, the sprinkler head is likely too low.
• Visible sinking: If you can see that the sprinkler head is noticeably lower than the surrounding ground level, it needs to be raised.
• Water pooling: If water is pooling or running off instead of being absorbed by the soil, it may be because the sprinkler head is not spraying at the correct height or angle.
• Frequent clogging: A sprinkler head that is too low may collect dirt, debris, and grass clippings, leading to frequent clogging and poor performance.

To identify low sprinkler heads, walk through your yard during a scheduled watering cycle and observe the spray patterns. Look for areas where the water is not reaching the intended coverage zone or where the spray appears weak or inconsistent. You can also turn on the system and check each sprinkler head individually to see if it is spraying at the correct height and angle.

Step-by-Step Guide to Raising Sprinkler Heads

Once you have identified the sprinkler heads that need to be raised, you can follow this step-by-step guide to adjust them. This process is applicable to most pop-up and permanent sprinkler systems.

1. Turn off the water supply: Before making any adjustments, turn off the water supply to the sprinkler system. This will prevent water from spraying while you work and reduce the risk of injury or damage.
2. Locate the sprinkler head: Find the sprinkler head that needs to be raised. If it is buried or obscured by grass or debris, use a garden trowel or small shovel to carefully dig around the base and expose the head.
3. Remove the sprinkler head: Depending on the type of sprinkler, you may need to unscrew the head from the riser tube or use a wrench to loosen the connection. Be careful not to damage the riser tube or surrounding piping during this step.
4. Inspect the riser tube: Check the riser tube for any signs of damage, such as cracks, corrosion, or mineral buildup. If the riser tube is damaged, it may need to be replaced before proceeding with the adjustment.
5. Add an extension or riser: To raise the sprinkler head, you can either add an extension pipe to the existing riser tube or replace the riser with a taller one. Thread the extension or new riser onto the existing fitting, making sure to apply plumber’s tape to the threads for a secure seal.
6. Reinstall the sprinkler head: Attach the sprinkler head to the new or extended riser tube. Tighten the connection by hand and then use a wrench to give it a final snug fit. Do not overtighten, as this can damage the threads or cause leaks.
7. Adjust the height: Once the sprinkler head is reinstalled, turn on the water supply and observe the spray pattern. If the head is still too low, repeat the process and add another extension. If it is too high, you can shorten the riser or use a shorter extension.
8. Check for leaks: After making the adjustment, inspect the area around the sprinkler head for any signs of leaking or water damage. If you notice any leaks, tighten the connections or apply additional sealant as needed.
9. Backfill the area: If you had to dig around the sprinkler head to expose it, carefully backfill the area with soil and press it down gently to ensure a smooth finish.
10. Test the system: Run the sprinkler system for a few minutes to ensure that the adjusted sprinkler head is functioning properly and that the spray pattern is correct. Make any additional adjustments if necessary.

Following these steps will help you successfully raise sprinkler heads and improve the overall performance of your irrigation system. Remember to take your time and be patient, as rushing through the process can lead to mistakes and potential damage to the system.

Adjusting Pop-Up Sprinkler Heads

Pop-up sprinkler heads are the most common type found in residential lawns, and they can be adjusted in several ways. One of the simplest methods is to use an adjustable riser tube, which allows you to change the height of the sprinkler head without replacing any parts.

To adjust a pop-up sprinkler head with an adjustable riser, first turn off the water supply and remove the sprinkler head from the riser tube. Most adjustable risers have a threaded connection that can be turned by hand or with the help of a wrench. Simply turn the riser tube clockwise to raise the sprinkler head or counterclockwise to lower it. Once the desired height is reached, reinstall the sprinkler head and turn the water back on to test the adjustment.

If your pop-up sprinkler system does not have an adjustable riser, you can still raise the head by adding an extension pipe. This involves removing the sprinkler head, threading an extension pipe onto the existing riser, and then reinstalling the sprinkler head on top of the extension. Make sure to use plumber’s tape on the threads to prevent leaks and ensure a secure connection.

It is important to note that when raising pop-up sprinkler heads, you should aim for a height that is slightly above the surrounding grass level. This allows the water to spray over any obstacles and reach the intended coverage area. If the sprinkler head is too high, it may spray water beyond the desired area, leading to waste and potential damage to nearby structures or plants.

Adjusting Shrub and Rotary Sprinkler Heads

Shrub sprinkler heads and rotary sprinkler heads require a slightly different approach to adjustment. These types of sprinklers are often mounted on above-ground risers and may have more complex mechanisms for height adjustment.

For shrub sprinklers, the adjustment process typically involves removing the sprinkler head from the riser and replacing it with a taller model or adding an extension pipe. Because these sprinklers are exposed, they are easier to access and adjust. However, you should be careful not to over-tighten the connections, as this can cause stress on the fittings and lead to leaks or breakage.

Rotary sprinkler heads may have additional features such as arc adjustment and radius control, which allow you to fine-tune the spray pattern in addition to the height. To adjust the height of a rotary sprinkler head, you will need to remove the head from the riser and either add an extension or replace the riser with a taller one. Some rotary sprinklers also have a built-in height adjustment mechanism that can be accessed by removing a cap or cover on the top of the head.

When adjusting rotary sprinkler heads, it is important to ensure that the spray pattern remains consistent and that the water is distributed evenly across the intended area. After making any adjustments, run the system for a few minutes and observe the spray pattern to confirm that it is correct. If the pattern appears uneven or inconsistent, you may need to make additional adjustments to the arc, radius, or height of the sprinkler head.

Raising Sprinkler Heads Without Digging

In some cases, you may want to raise sprinkler heads without having to dig around the base or remove the head entirely. This is especially useful when the sprinkler head is only slightly low and does not require a major adjustment. There are a few methods you can use to raise sprinkler heads without digging:

• Using a sprinkler head extension: A sprinkler head extension is a small pipe or coupling that can be threaded onto the existing riser to add height. These extensions come in various sizes and can be easily installed without removing the sprinkler head. Simply turn off the water, unscrew the sprinkler head, thread the extension onto the riser, and reinstall the sprinkler head on top of the extension.
• Adjusting the riser tube: If your sprinkler system has an adjustable riser tube, you can raise the sprinkler head by simply turning the tube. This method is quick and does not require any additional parts or tools. However, it may not provide enough height adjustment for more significant issues.
• Using a riser extender: A riser extender is a device that slips over the existing riser and provides additional height. These extenders are typically made of plastic or rubber and can be easily installed without removing the sprinkler head. They are a good option for minor height adjustments and can be trimmed to the desired length.

These methods are convenient and can be completed quickly, but they may not be suitable for all situations. If the sprinkler head is significantly low or if the riser tube is damaged, you may need to use more extensive repair methods. It is also important to ensure that any extensions or risers are properly sealed to prevent leaks and maintain the integrity of the sprinkler system.

Comparison of Adjustment Methods

There are several methods for raising sprinkler heads, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The table below compares the most common adjustment methods so you can choose the best approach for your situation.

As you can see, the method you choose will depend on the extent of the adjustment needed, your budget, and your comfort level with DIY repairs. For minor adjustments, simple solutions like riser extenders or adjustable riser tubes may be sufficient. For more significant issues, you may need to replace the riser or seek professional assistance.

Tips and Best Practices

Here are some valuable tips and best practices to keep in mind when raising sprinkler heads:

• Check the system regularly: Make it a habit to inspect your sprinkler system at least twice a year, preferably in the spring and fall. This will help you catch issues early before they become major problems.
• Keep the area clear: Ensure that the area around sprinkler heads is free of grass clippings, debris, and other obstructions. This will help maintain optimal spray patterns and prevent clogging.
• Use the right height: Aim for a sprinkler head height that is slightly above the surrounding grass level. This allows the water to spray over obstacles and reach the intended coverage area without wasting water.
• Seal connections properly: Always use plumber’s tape or a waterproof sealant on threaded connections to prevent leaks and ensure a secure fit.
• Avoid over-tightening: When installing or adjusting sprinkler heads, tighten connections by hand first and then give them a final snug fit with a wrench. Overtightening can damage the threads or cause leaks.
• Test after adjustments: After making any adjustments, run the system for a few minutes and check the spray pattern. Make any additional adjustments if necessary.
• Consider the soil type: If your lawn has sandy or loose soil, sprinkler heads may settle more quickly. In these cases, you may need to check and adjust the heads more frequently.
• Plan for future growth: When installing new sprinkler heads, consider the mature height of nearby plants and grass. This will help you position the heads at the correct height from the start.

Following these tips will help you maintain a well-functioning sprinkler system and ensure that your lawn receives the proper amount of water. Regular maintenance and attention to detail can save you time and money in the long run by preventing major issues and extending the life of your irrigation system.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

While raising sprinkler heads is a relatively straightforward process, there are several common mistakes that can lead to poor performance or damage to the system. Here are some of the most frequent errors and how to avoid them:

• Not turning off the water supply: One of the most common mistakes is attempting to adjust sprinkler heads while the system is still running. This can result in water spraying everywhere, making it difficult to work and increasing the risk of injury. Always turn off the water supply before beginning any adjustments.
• Overtightening connections: When reinstalling sprinkler heads, some people tend to overtighten the connections in an effort to ensure a secure fit. However, this can damage the threads or cause the riser to crack. Always tighten by hand first and then give it a final snug fit with a wrench.
• Ignoring damaged parts: If the riser tube or sprinkler head is damaged, simply raising the head will not solve the underlying problem. Always inspect all components for cracks, corrosion, or wear and replace any damaged parts before making adjustments.
• Setting the height too high: While it may seem logical to set the sprinkler head as high as possible, this can actually cause issues. If the head is too high, the water may spray beyond the intended area, leading to waste and potential damage to nearby structures or plants.
• Forgetting to test the system: After making adjustments, it is important to test the system to ensure that everything is working properly. Skipping this step can result in undetected leaks or improper spray patterns that may not be discovered until much later.
• Using the wrong tools: Using the wrong tools or improvising with inappropriate substitutes can damage the sprinkler system. Always use the correct tools for the job, such as a screwdriver set, adjustable wrench, and plumber’s tape.
• Not considering the landscape: When adjusting sprinkler heads, it is important to consider the surrounding landscape. Failing to account for the mature height of plants or grass can result in the sprinkler head being too low once the landscape has grown.

By being aware of these common mistakes and taking the necessary precautions, you can ensure that your sprinkler head adjustments are successful and that your irrigation system continues to function properly for years to come.

When to Call a Professional

While raising sprinkler heads is a task that many homeowners can handle on their own, there are certain situations where it is best to call a professional. If you are unsure about any aspect of the process or if you encounter complications, do not hesitate to seek professional assistance.

One of the most common reasons to call a professional is if you discover that the sprinkler system has extensive damage. Cracked pipes, corroded risers, or damaged control valves may require specialized tools and expertise to repair. Attempting to fix these issues on your own can result in further damage or incomplete repairs that may lead to more costly problems down the road.

If you have a large or complex irrigation system, it may also be beneficial to hire a professional. These systems often have multiple zones, pressure regulators, and advanced control systems that require a thorough understanding of irrigation principles. A professional can ensure that all components are properly adjusted and that the system is optimized for your specific landscape.

In addition, if you are planning to install new sprinkler heads or modify the layout of your irrigation system, it is a good idea to consult with a professional. They can help you design an efficient system that meets your landscaping needs and provide guidance on the best products and techniques to use.

Finally, if you are uncomfortable working with water systems or if you do not have the necessary tools, it is always better to err on the side of caution and hire a professional. The cost of professional installation or repair is often less than the cost of fixing mistakes or dealing with the consequences of a poorly maintained irrigation system.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I check and adjust my sprinkler heads?

It is recommended to check your sprinkler heads at least twice a year, preferably in the spring and fall. Regular inspections will help you catch issues early and ensure that your system is operating efficiently. If you notice any signs of uneven watering, clogging, or poor spray patterns, you should inspect and adjust the affected heads as soon as possible.

Can I raise sprinkler heads without turning off the water supply?

It is strongly recommended to turn off the water supply before attempting to adjust or raise sprinkler heads. Working with the system running can be dangerous and makes it difficult to properly inspect and adjust the heads. Turning off the water also prevents water waste and reduces the risk of injury from pressurized water.

What tools do I need to raise a sprinkler head?

The tools you will need depend on the type of sprinkler head and the adjustment method you choose. Common tools include a screwdriver set, adjustable wrench, tape measure, garden trowel, plumber’s tape, and waterproof sealant. For minor adjustments, you may only need a riser extender or an adjustable riser, which requires no additional tools.

How do I know if my sprinkler head is too low?

Signs that a sprinkler head is too low include uneven water distribution, spray pattern obstruction, visible sinking, water pooling, and frequent clogging. If you notice any of these issues, it is likely that the sprinkler head needs to be raised. Walking through your yard during a watering cycle and observing the spray patterns can also help you identify low heads.

Can I raise sprinkler heads myself or should I hire a professional?

For minor adjustments, most homeowners can successfully raise sprinkler heads themselves using basic tools and the steps outlined in this article. However, if you discover extensive damage or have a complex irrigation system, it is best to hire a professional. When in doubt, consulting with a professional can save you time and prevent costly mistakes.

What is the ideal height for a sprinkler head?

The ideal height for a sprinkler head is slightly above the surrounding grass level. This allows the water to spray over obstacles such as grass, mulch, or small plants and ensures that the intended area receives adequate coverage. If the head is too high, it may spray water beyond the desired area, leading to waste and potential damage.

How much does it cost to raise sprinkler heads?

The cost of raising sprinkler heads depends on the method used and whether you do it yourself or hire a professional. DIY adjustments using simple tools and extensions typically cost between $5 and $20 per head. Professional services may range from $50 to $150 per head, depending on the complexity of the system and the extent of the work required.

Will raising sprinkler heads improve my lawn’s health?

Yes, properly adjusted sprinkler heads can significantly improve your lawn’s health. When sprinkler heads are at the correct height, water is distributed evenly across the intended area, preventing dry spots and overwatering. This leads to a healthier, more uniform lawn and helps you use water more efficiently.

Conclusion

Raising sprinkler heads is an important maintenance task that can significantly improve the performance and efficiency of your irrigation system. By understanding the reasons why sprinkler heads settle, identifying the type of system you have, and following the step-by-step guide provided in this article, you can successfully raise your sprinkler heads and achieve better water coverage for your lawn.

Remember to gather the necessary tools, inspect your system regularly, and follow the tips and best practices outlined in this article. Whether you choose to adjust pop-up sprinklers, shrub sprinklers, or rotary heads, the key is to ensure that the sprinkler head is at the correct height—slightly above the surrounding grass level—to allow for optimal water distribution.

If you encounter any difficulties or if your system has extensive damage, do not hesitate to call a professional. The investment in professional service can save you time and prevent costly mistakes in the long run. With proper maintenance and occasional adjustments, your sprinkler system will continue to provide your lawn with the water it needs to thrive.